The most likely cause of shock is serious bleeding or a severe burn or scald.  These injuries must be treated immediately. There could be internal bleeding if there are signs of shock and no visible injury.

What happens

The person in trouble may:

• have an increased pulse rate
• have cold, clammy and sweaty skin
• feel weak and dizzy
• feel sick
• complain of feeling thirsty
• As shock develops the child becomes confused and begins gasping for air – this is called goldfish breathing.

What to do

• Lay the person down.
• Raise and support their legs on a cushion or pile of blankets.
• Loosen any tight clothing.
• Keep the child warm and reassure them.
• Call an ambulance.
• If shock is as a result of bleeding keep the injured limb elevated – this and raising legs results in greater level of circulation in the body by moving the blood in the legs up to the key organs that need it.
• Do not give anything to eat or drink – if they complain of being thirsty moisten the person’s lips with water.

Blood loss is one of the most common causes of shock. Shock can be life-threatening if not treated properly.

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